American civil war Essay - 2475 Words

American civil war (Essay Sample) Content: THE HISTORY OF UNITED STATES CIVIL WARNameCourse TitleInstructor's nameDateIntroductionThe United States civil war was in between 1861 and 1865. The war was between the Northern and the southern states that had by then formed the Confederacy after ceding the Union. It is believed that the war that broke in the Southern Union was also known as war for the southern independence, the war of succession as well as the war for the Rebellion. Though criticized widely the war is considerable accepted. With its name, the war was not all about the class struggle but a sectional fight based on political, psychological, and social as well as economic aspects that the historians did not agree upon themselves.These aspects have been categorized in the William H. Seward's words of irrepressible conflicts. In another perspective view, the Civil war was also viewed as a criminal act that was unnecessary blood shedding that was as a result of careless and much egotistical politicians in the country. Both ideological views did accept the fact that the existed a situation in the country that was considered as unfathomable by the diplomatic means within the country.[AE Television Networks. "American Civil War." History.com. /topics/american-civil-war (accessed April 20, 2014).] During the days, the American Revolution enhanced the drafting of the constitution to try and solve the grievances among the two sided the North and the South part. The differences that existed between the North and South in the constitution were drafted and their common interests effectively taken care of. In the 19th century, the two parts had completely continued to practice sectionalism with the South part being specialized in the agricultural activity. The economy and the social life of the region were greatly based on plantation and slavery.These two dependent sections produce lot of staples such cotton which is the southern source of income. With the Northern side, it's own its own re sources in the agricultural sector that is more economically advanced and that has greatly led to the industrial growth and development.Causes of the United States civil warThe Missouri CompromiseThe United States civil war was brought by various factors in the country. Among them are; the hostility grew after the 1820, the Missouri Compromise was taken as a permanent solution for the issues that had emerged due to the federal territories extension and the prohibition of the slavery during the period in the west. Tariffs difficulties arose that resulted to the nullification of the South Carolina and John C. Calhoun and the internal improvements arose troubles with the territorial issue being the largest issue.In 1830s, the abolitionists increased in the North since there were difficulties in adapting slavery in most of the lands in the territories. With this, the South part became much eager in maintaining its position as an equal part in the union. The North part would be declared a free state with the continued abolition of the slavery. The Southerners continued to strongly reinforce the seizure of Texas and the Mexican War and even disconcerted for the certification of slavery of Cuba.[Taylor, Amy Murrell. The divided family in Civil War America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.] The Compromise of the 1850In 1850, the compromise marked the termination of the compromising era. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster's deaths left no leader in the national stature with only the sectional spokesmen such as Salmon P. Chase and W. H Sumner in the North, Robert Toombs and Jefferson Davis in the South. In 1853, the Kansas Nebraska Act first scuffle for hemorrhage resorted to shooting. Many people from the South were always excited of the Northerners abolitionist John Brown actions and the dynamic pro slavery statements of one of the fire-eaters in the Southern part called William L. Yancey.The Election of 1860In between 1860 and 1861 the United States separated, this can be attributed to the activities that had taken place in the earlier years within the country. Before 1850s, there had already been a gradual disequilibrium in the political sector of the country. The Northern part had been joining the antislavery Republican Party as the politicians from the Southern part got the fear of their place in the union for the slavery's future. The positions in the union hardened as the Republicans asserted the majority rule in the union thus the Slaveholders had an increased threat from the Republicans on their way of life as well as their abolitionist. This was to entail both the whites and the blacks who supported the slaveholders thus soughing to end the slavery.[Stanchak, John E.. Civil War. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000.] The Territorial Crisis and the United States ConstitutionThis separation resulted to the large split of the both parts; most of the Southern joined the Democratic Party that was one of the few remaining parties nationwide. The Republican Party was purely for the Northerners from the Free-soil Party and the Liberty party. The party was strictly based from the North and only for those with than Northern phenomenon. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln who was a Republican candidate was elected into the presidential position on the basis of the stoppage of slavery from extending to the other areas within the Southern part. He had defeated three candidates John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat), Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrat), and John Bell of the Constitutional Union party.Nullification CrisisWith the win by Lincoln, it was a clear indication of South Carolina's succession (Dec. 20, 1860). This also showed that the state was, however, followed by other states such as Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida. The quest for the federal resources within the states became the issue. The federal property had become very important especially with the forts located in the Charleston harbor. The by then outgoing president called James Buchanan who was from the Northern Democrat was, however, trucking the southerners pro slavery section of the party. Averting a war was among his attempts as well as pursuing a vacillating progression.The question regarding the forts remained unsettled despite the inauguration of Lincoln as the sitting president. However, there had been great efforts to reunite the two sections. Lincoln was able to hold Sumter through his resolving efforts. In April 12, 1861, a confederation was held shelling the Sumter Fort in the South Carolina. This was to provoke Lincoln to call at about 75,000 volunteers from all over the states to stop the rebellion and maintain their Union by the use of excessive power. The states affected were those that had refused to withdraw slavery such as Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas, and North Carolina and they come to understand that they could not have escaped the war.[Brandt, Dennis W.. From home guards to heroes the 87th Pennsylvania and its Civil War community. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.] With this, the line had been clearly drawn deciding on those who would save the movement as well as those who would leave it. The Confederacy was not predestined to win but, however, the armies from the Southern had the advantage of having their fights in lines on the interior. Their military also had an advantage in that it had the basic knowledge from the areas historical events of the United States before 1860s. With the Confederate long coastlines of about 3500miles, the president of Confederate, Jefferson Davis was hoping to receive foreign aid as is seemed to defy obstruction.Economic value of slavery to the SouthThe United militias were fighting aiming to attain an independent and distinct country that would be based on their own perception that they regarded as Southern institutions, which its chief was slavery's institution. In the early period of 1961, the Fort Sumt er was destroyed by the rebels as they fired it on the entrance to Charleston harbor. In the United States history, this would be designated as the bloodiest war but, unfortunately, there were no victims. Bombardment, Maj. Robert Anderson surrendered the command he has of about 85 soldiers to about 5,500 troops from the Confederate under P.G.T. Beauregard. In a period of about one week following the surrender, some more states left the Southern union and joined the Confederacy among them being Tennessee, Arkansas, North Carolina and Virginia.[Faust, Drew Gilpin. This republic of suffering: death and the American Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.] Following the emergence of the war in the land, 75,000 soldiers were called by President Lincoln to serve for a period not exceeding three months. The president proclaimed a naval blockade that belonged to the states that had joined the confederacy. The amount of $2 million was directed to be allocated for the troops rising by th e president and he also deferred the writ of habeas corpus. This suspension started in the East Coast and was later spread to the other parts of the country. From the troops figure that been previously called of 100,000 militias it was now increased to 400,000 for at least a period of six months.Consequences of the WarLoss of livesWith the civil war lasting for four years, many people lost their lives while more than a million United States were being injured. Much capital was used to stop as well as to facilitate the war thus down seizing the United States economic stability. Do to no economic stability due to the war, the United States would find it less worth investing over the period of the four years thus dragging behind in terms of economic growth and development. A United States historian called Philip Paladin wrote No war That has enduring influences in the ...

Essay about Psalm 42 - 4546 Words

If the book of Psalms be, as some have styled it, a mirror or looking-glass of pious and devout affections, this psalm in particular deserves, as much as any one psalm, to be so entitled, and is as proper as any to kindle and excite such in us: gracious desires are here strong and fervent; gracious hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, are here struggling, but the pleasing passion comes off a conqueror. Or we may take it for a conflict between sense and faith, sense objecting and faith answering. I. Faith begins with holy desires towards God and communion with him (v. 1, 2). II. Sense complains of the darkness and cloudiness of the present condition, aggravated by the remembrance of the former enjoyments (v. 3, 4). III. Faith silences the†¦show more content†¦1, 2): quot;My soul panteth, thirsteth, for God, for nothing more than God, but still for more and more of him.’’ Now observe, 1. When it was that David thus expressed his vehement desire towards God. It was, (1.) When he was debarred from his outward opportunities of waiting on God, when he was banished to the land of Jordan, a great way off from the courts of God’s house. Note, Sometimes God teaches us effectually to know the worth of mercies by the want of them, and whets our appetite for the means of grace by cutting us short in those means. We are apt to loathe that manna, when we have plenty of it, which will be very precious to us if ever we come to know the scarcity of it. (2.) When he was deprived, in a great measure, of the inward comfort he used to have in God. He now went mourning, but he went on panting. Note, If God, by his grace, has wrought in us sincere and earnest desires towards him, we may take comfort from these when we want those ravishing delights we have sometimes had in God, because lamenting after God is as sure an evidence that we love him as rejoicing in God. Before the psalmist records his doubts, and fears, and griefs, which had sorely shaken him, he premises this, That he looked upon the living God as his chief good, and had set his heart upon him accordingly, and was resolved to live and die by him; and,Show MoreRelatedMy Spiritual Life Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesin. I’ve been blessed to find the Psalms speaking to me a lot more – Psalm 42, â€Å"my soul thirsts for God, for the living God, when can I go and meet with God?† (I also recently realized how pretty much all Christian song lyrics are taken directly out of Psalms, just this chapter alone contains â€Å"as the deer pants for streams of water; why are you so downcast O my soul; deep calls to deep†). I’m encouraged because the fact that I can personally relate with the Psalms seems to be a sign that my relationshipRead MoreBooks of Wisdom Literature2161 Words   |  9 Pagesfocus on theology; 3. The way of expression are mainly the maxim, aphorism, metaphor, fables, poems, eulogy, etc; 4. The writing object is not only limited t o Jews. There are five main books of Wisdom Literature, Book of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Psalms and Song of Songs. First, Job is a faithful servant of God who is known for piety and patience. At that time, the Israelites were polluted to worship the Egyptian demons, but only Job is adhered to worship the God purely. The most ancient traditionRead MorePsalm 18 : The Third Longest Of All The Psalms And Is One Of The Few1967 Words   |  8 PagesPsalm 18 is the third longest of all the psalms and is one of the few to contain an extensive heading. This psalm also has a parallel text found in 2 Samuel 22 providing further information and highlighting its importance to the Israelite people. The text speaks of David’s military victories but the emphasis is not on himself but on the victory that was won through God’s power and might. God is shown to be a saving God, something present day Christians cling to daily. In order to understand the contextRead MoreThe Debate Of Wisdom Literature2468 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Wisdom literature has long been part of the Jewish tradition with a large section of the Old Testament devoting itself to it. Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Sirach, the Wisdom of Solomon, and the Wisdom Psalms make up this literature. Job, dates from the tenth century B,C and has a philosophical and theological reflection on why the righteous suffer. The suggestion is that this is an orderly made cosmos and ultimately all injustices will be turned to good. Proverbs, written in its finalRead MoreThe Generation Of The World Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesas opposed to the creatures who exist outside of him. In this effort he turns to Psalms and examines three texts: Psalm 2:7 (â€Å"The Lord said to me, My son you are; today I have begotten you†), Psalm 44:2 (â€Å"My heart spoke a good word†), and Psalm 109:3 (â€Å"From the womb, before Morning star, I brought you forth†) and synthesizes them with verses speaking of the Father’s direct relation to the Son (Matt. 3:17; John 8:42; 6:46). Matt. 3:17, 17:5 The Father’s personal relationship with the Son is perhapsRead MoreMeaning Of Psalm 119934 Words   |  4 PagesPsalm 119 is by far the longest poem in the Psalter and the longest chapter in Scripture. It is also the most intricate with regard to structure. The format of Psalm 119 is an alphabetic acrostic, meaning that the first letters of each line in Hebrew follow through the alphabet, 8 lines per letter, thus 8 lines x 22 letters in Hebrew = 176 lines. One message of this psalm is that we are to live a lifestyle that demonstrates obedience to the Lord, who is a God of order that is the acrostic structureRead MoreGods Personal Intervention in the Lives of His People Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesbut always rescued by God from certain death. In Psalm 18, David praises the Lord in what has now become canonized in the Bible and is known as a Psalm of Praise. The psalm opens with the powerful sentence: â€Å"I love you, O Lord, my strength,† which immediately demonstra tes David‘s devotion to the Lord along with the recognition that he provides something that David does not have: strength (New International Version, Ps. 18.1). Throughout the psalm, a personal relationship between God and David isRead MoreRoyal Ideology in Ancient Israel Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with kingship was carried out by a centralised bureaucracy and specialists. Textual form, expressing legitimacy and righteousness of the regal reign appeared in the monarchic symbolism of sceptre (Psalm 45:6), throne (2 Sam 14:9, 1 Kings 2:12) and crown (2 Sam 1:10, 1 Kings 11:12, Psalm 89:39; 132:18). Equally disseminating propaganda of the wisdom (1 Kings 4:29~) and hence justness of the king was done through symbols and building projects and to a lesser degree in literature. The centralisationRead MoreThe Message Of The Gospel And The Truth Of God1576 Words   |  7 PagesGod reveals Himself by both general and specific means. Creation is the primary method of general revelation. â€Å"The heavens declare the glory of God† (Psalm 19:1a) to all people who can view His divine handiwork. The voice of creation speaks to all men â€Å"day unto day† (Psalm 19:2) and â€Å"there is no speech or language where their voice is not heard† (Psalm 19:3; Romans 10:18). God sometimes reveals Himself by specific means, such as in physical manifestation (Exodus 3; 19) and visions (Ezekiel 1). GodRead MoreA Welcome Letter For A New Space1738 Words   |  7 PagesActs 2:42-47 Good evening dear brothers and sisters. It s a great joy, it s a big honor for me to be with you on this very special evening in the life of Revival Community Church. As we gather in this beautiful place, we are witnessing God s immense mercy and wonderful grace. We confess that it is only by His good providence, His predestination that led us all to be here now to dedicate this new space. Amen, praise the Lord. This new space is God s gift to the city of Richmond. It s also a

Reflection - 1179 Words

Writing has always been one of my strengths, enabling me to freely express my creative thoughts in a controlled manner onto a piece of paper. Although my writing process takes a long time, I have complete power over the sentences and structures that I am weaving together to form a cohesive whole. Throughout High School, I was trained to write a structured essay in an ample amount of time by writing, editing, and finalizing my draft. Most of our work involved writing individual essays and research papers in which I developed a strong foundation in. However, I realized that I lacked experience in group work as well as oral communication in delivering my ideas to the audience. At the end of the semester, I noticed my transition from an†¦show more content†¦Although this assignment was an individually written paper, after long hours of research on my artist and her songs, I realized that the process of creating a short 4 minute song contained a lot of collaboration with other mu sicians, instruments, and personal experiences to create the masterpiece. Moreover, I learned that music contains its own personal themes like coming-of-age that makes it so powerful and significant. My first step toward breaking out from my introverted, independent writing was discovering the process in creating a song that encompasses the emotions of the society effectively. The next artifact is an example of an equal blend between individualism and collaboration that became a transitioning state toward improving my oral communication. For the personal silence narrative assignment, I decided to work with another classmate because we both wanted to incorporate electronic, oral, and visual multimodalities through the creation of a video. First, we decided to separately write a script about our past experiences with silence. During that time, I could immerse myself in my own thoughts and ideas through the individual writing. However, once we came together to discuss about our experie nces relating to silence, we had difficulty in connecting our different tones and diction into a cohesiveShow MoreRelatedReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreReflection1479 Words   |  6 PagesReflections Both simple and complex reflections were used. A simple reflection used towards the beginning of the interview transpired into, â€Å"pretty active out doing a lot of things.† Alternatively, a complex reflection used when reflecting on Sarah’s feelings about what her friends think about her not socializing subsisted of, â€Å"it bothers you thinking about them, wondering about your intentions.† I used twice as many complex reflections as simple reflections. Unfortunately, I should have usedRead MoreReflection On The Word Reflection 701 Words   |  3 PagesFor me the word ‘reflection’ means taking time to really dig deep into my thoughts, to contemplate something meaningful and significant, to make a decision that often involves me and my future. It has a personal and emotional connection. Daudelin (1996) uses the word ‘reflection’ to encourage managers to create time to recognise the value of learning from past and current work s ituations (‘experience’) and to adapt this learning to new situations. I would prefer to choose the words ‘thought’ or ‘consideration’Read MoreReflection1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on your personal development Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognizing the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homes, I am constantly tryingRead Morereflection703 Words   |  3 Pageshelpful/ inspiring. Your completed template form and content should be a CRITICAL reflection of the paper/ chapter content but NOT merely summarize what you have read. TEMPLATE FOR REFLECTIONS ON EXPERIENCES DATE: PLACE: The experience 1. What experience are you reflecting on (class session, project group meeting, particular piece of reading, other)? Give a brief account of this experience. 2. 3. Reflections on Experience 4. 2. Looking back, what was particularly memorable/ interestingRead MoreReflection Of Illusion1635 Words   |  7 Pages Shattering a Reflection of Illusion I stare blankly at the blinking caret. Propped up snugly against three quilted pillows and one calculus textbook is my laptop. To be more specific, a laptop opened to an empty Microsoft Word document. Writing a speech is no easy task, but writing a valedictory address is like playing darts with spaghetti. Humbly accepting the position as the class valedictorian, I have been graced with the task of writing an excerpt that would fill my classmates’ hearts withRead MoreNursing reflection.12855 Words   |  52 PagesReflective Essay This essay will look at reflection on a critical incident that has promoted a positive outcome. It is not a very major incident but it stands out as it has a potential for learning. This essay will identify and explain Johns (1994) model of reflection and explain what reflection is and why reflective practice is necessary and how it can be used. Schone (1983) recommended reflection on critical incidence as a valuable term, sited in Ghaye and Lillyman (1997) a critical incidentRead MoreReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments needed to improve my practice and achieve the level of competency needed for when I qualify as an assistant practitioner. While discussing the knowledge underpinning practice, evidence based literature will be reviewed to support my discussion and for the purpose of reflection the essay will be written in the first person. SpouseRead MoreReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowledge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). Within my reflection examplesRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time some course assignments, I will embrace,

Children Are Convicted Of Greater Punishment - 988 Words

Across the US, juveniles are tried as adults when they perpetrate felonies such as violent offense or rape. Juveniles mainly serve a couple of decades in prison or even have received death penalties. Kids are convicted of greater punishment because the greater the crime, the more likely they are called adults. Although youths get charged as adults â€Å"a fifteen-year-old youth was mimicking a TV program about little girls who rob a bank and was given a 26-years-to-life prison term. Thomas Preciado was fourteen when he stabbed to death a mini-mart clerk† (Lundstrom). These guidelines must not be applied to kids because they may be pressured or threatened by a character. The punishment should be reduced to a couple of years, after all, it is†¦show more content†¦Politicians soon responded to those fears, and to concerns about the perceived inadequacies of state juvenile justice systems, by lowering the age at which children could be transferred to adult courts.† The media has created a stereotype regarding juveniles that have negatively affected them in curts. Due to this stereotype, many youths have been victims of injustice treatment. Due to not having a fully developed brain, many teenagers are at risk of acting on impulse rather than fully understanding their action; therefore, the courts should keep this into consideration when dealing with juveniles. There is various numbers of interpretations for juvenile problems that are being tried as adults. Juveniles must not be tried as adults because teens are not mature enough to be charged as adults which means the courthouses should not give severe punishments such as: life sentence in prison or even death sentence also, guidelines of the court system do not apply to the kids. One way we can fix the complications is by giving teens consistent punishment for felonies. Another solution for the youths that have undeveloped minds is to understand their psyche. Although all juveniles should get an equal amount of time in prison â€Å"few believe that criminal genes are inherited from parental abuse and negative home lives† (Garinger). If crime is in the genes then kids are more likely to commit an offense. AlsoShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime And The Criminal Law Under The Age Of Eighteen1540 Words   |  7 Pageswho were convicted of crimes other than homicide violated the Constituti on s prohibition against harsh and uncommon punishment, a ruling that extended the court s logic in its 2005 decision to eliminate the juvenile death penalty. In both of these cases, the court held that because adolescents are not as responsible for their actions as adults, they should not be punished as harshly, even for the same crimes (Steinberg, 2012) There has been an dispute that a juvenile who was convicted of murderRead MoreJuvenile Crimes And Juvenile Crime1620 Words   |  7 Pagesjuveniles convicted of crimes other than homicide violated the Constitution s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, a ruling that extended the court s logic in its 2005 decision to abolish the juvenile death penalty. In both of these cases, the court held that because adolescents are not as responsible for their actions as adults, they should not be punished as harshly, even for the same crimes (Steinberg, 2012). There has been an argument that a juvenile who was convicted of murderR ead More Megans Law - Protection More Important than Privacy Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagesthan Privacy In 1994, twice-convicted sex offender Jesse Timmendequas raped and murdered Megan Kanka, a seven-year old girl who lived across the street. In reaction to this emotionally-charged crime, Megans home state of New Jersey ratified a community notification bill - dubbed Megans Law - just three months later. This fall, a national version of the law went into effect, mandating that all fifty states notify citizens in writing of the presence of convicted sex offenders within their communitiesRead MoreProper Sentencing For Juvenile Murderers908 Words   |  4 Pagesage of 25. Furthermore, sentencing a juvenile as an adult while they are at an impulsive age and subject to peer pressure is resulting to cruel and unusual punishment as defined in the eighth amendment of the United States Bill of Rights. Eventually, imposing an adult verdict over a juvenile would inhibit a proper rehabilitation for the convicted juvenile. Hence, it is recommended that states that currently have life without paro le or the death penalty laws, ratify a new law for juvenile convicts forRead MoreSynthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration Into Adult Prisons1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctioning adults. Even though juvenile incarceration is an effective method of punishment for those who have committed heinous crimes, the justice system should not convict children and adolescents as adults because of the child s circumstances that lead to the crime as well as the disastrous effects it causes on the mental and emotional state of the child. It is common knowledge that t he degree in which a person is convicted, more often than not, depends on the severity of the crime. In the lateRead MoreThe Death Penalty Discussion Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesdeserve one fate; death. Death penalty is the maximum sentence used in punishing people who kill another human being and is a very controversial method of punishment. Capital punishment is a legal infliction of death penalty and since ancient times it has bee used to punish a large variety of offences. Criminals convicted of murder or rape need to be executed because they are danger to society and the human race. Other people still argue that one method of execution is justRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 PagesEarly in U.S. history, children who broke the law were treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’sRead MoreThe Death Penalty Has a Positive Effect on Society1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe other eleven. The man then brutally murders the two helpless children; letting one watch as the other one was killed. He then leaves the bloody and beaten bodies, of the innocent sisters, in the neighborhood playground. Does this man deserve to die? The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on society today. The death penalty should be sought in cases that carry the death penalty as a form of punishment because retribution should be taken for the heinous crimes thatRead MoreThe West Memphis Three Trials1227 Words   |  5 Pagesseries of famous cases, often collected referred to as the West Memphis Three trials, highlighted the shortcomings of the death penalty. The West Memphis Three refers to three teenage boys who were convicted of brutally murdering three children in West Memphis, Arkansas. Since the oldest teen that was convicted was 18 years old at the time of the murders and Arkansas has the death penalty, he was sentenced to death. He was then put on death row for 18 years until DNA evidence allowed his exoneration beforeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1403 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial debate. The legal system is there to defend the cries of the innocent, yet it cannot seem to determine who the innocents are. Until the voice of its people can be defended, the death penalty should be abolished. It is administering its punishments hoping they have the right perpetrator. It’s basically a guessing game and that should not be the case when it comes to who will end up getting deprived of their life. The death penalty is a racially biased system that is sometimes unfairly administered

The Second Half of the Shaw Presidency - 982 Words

During the second half of Shaw presidency the organization included many professional married women such as Susan Walker Fitzgerald, Bryn Mawr and Katherine Dexter McCormick (Franzen, 2008). The relationship among the women of the organization was strong and there were no core of officers during the presidency of Anna Howard Shaw. The success of the organization during Shaw presidency was perhaps because of her social position; she had high tolerance for discord. During Shaw presidency the organization had more connections to other progressive era organizations and associations than any other period in the existence of its existence. Shaw had strong connections to the Frances Willard and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (Franzen, 2008). WCTU was the largest women’s organization in the United States during the 1900’s. Many joined the wealthy benefactors of NAWSA such as the leaders of the settlement houses, prison reform, and women socialites. During Shaw presidency a diverse range of women and men attended NAWSA conventions. In these conventions Shaw personally spoke about the issues beyond suffrage, such as opposition to American imperialism and the different needs of working women. NAWSA expanded by making many other groups become NAWSA family such as the College Equal Suffrage League and the National Men’s League (Franzen, 2008). NAWSA needed the collision of these groups to expand its base. NAWSA needed the financial support of the wealthy women andShow MoreRelatedJohn Adams Essays1414 Words   |  6 PagesAs the second president of the United States and the first vice president, John Adams had experienced various kinds of lives of different social positions. Adams, in his early years, tried diverse professions like writer, lawyer, public speaker, and congressman. Later, he became one of the leaders of several political fields, such as the American Revolution and foreign relationships, whose contributions had inf luenced the United States Constitution. People and nations are forged in the firesRead MoreGreat Pride And Respectability For One s Achievements2770 Words   |  12 PagesColonel Robert Gould Shaw, Frederick Douglass and Jefferson Davis, not only seems to shed light upon the particular instances that built up to the outset of the Civil War, but also demonstrates their persona’s as different individuals with ultimately the same intention; to hold power. Their strong-willed characteristics strengthened by their ambitions shows not only their virtue but also their intense desire to bring the war and controversies to an end, for it was Col. Shaw that stated â€Å"someone hasRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Cuban Revolution In 1959 Mark A Turning Point Essay5328 Words   |  22 PagesLatin-American countries was not relentlessly negative. However, towards the second half of the twentieth century tensions do rise and attitudes do change. Within this essay I will discuss the rel ationship between the United States and its neighbouring Latin American countries prior to 1959 and then after the Cuban Revolution. In order to do this, I aim to analyse; in my opinion, the three most influential presidencies/amendments/events etc that occurred between these two time periods and compareRead MoreEssay on Federal Reserve Act1877 Words   |  8 PagesFederal Reserve Bank in Minneapolis and warned that unless this quot;mad runquot; were stopped, he would soon be out of currency. With the bank nearly two-hundred miles from Minneapolis, a small plane carrying two Federal Reserve Bank officials and a half-million dollars in cash were quickly flown into town. Upon approaching the town the pilot guided the plane low over the main street in a sensational arrival and then landed. From there, the money was carried ceremoniously into town and stacked alongRead MoreUrban Regeneration And Urban Development9597 Words   |  39 Pagesmillions of refugees entering from the newly established country of Pakistan (Shaw, 2009). About one-fourth of them headed for urban areas and so there was an immediate need to create large-scale urban housing to accommodate the newcomers (Shaw 2009, pg.861). The role of the state in urban expansion for refugee rehabilitation was critical in the post-partition years with approximately 7.3 million refugees registering in 1951 (Shaw 2009, pg.861). 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But more than half of all the countrys slaves worked on these plantations. Most of the other slave owners had small farms and only a few slaves each. Under arrangements with their masters, some slaves could hire themselves out to work for other whites onRead MoreEssay about Biography of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.4067 Words   |  17 PagesApril 4, 1968 Nationality: American Occupation: civil rights leader Occupation: minister (religion) Michael King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in the Atlanta home of his maternal grandfather, Adam Daniel Williams (1863 — 1931). He was the second child and the first son of Michael King Sr. (1897 — 1984) and Alberta Christine Williams King (1903 — 1974). Michael Jr. had an older sister, Willie Christine (b. 1927), and a younger brother, Alfred Daniel Williams (b. 1930). The father and laterRead MoreNsl Final Exam Study Guide7447 Words   |  30 Pagesfollow party lines as much as possible. 4. Party leadership. Congressmen will not want to loose or risk loosing party support so they want to stay the majority party in congress. 3. Nominees for the presidency of the two major parties are chosen by delegates at national conventions. How these delegates are chosen varies across states and between the political parties. a. Define each of the following methods used by states to choose delegatesRead MoreHealth Care Policy10795 Words   |  44 PagesAbstract The number of uninsured Americans is greater than the total population of Canada (Lambrew, Podesta, amp; Shaw, 2005). Conservative 2004 estimates indicate that there were 41.6 million uninsured persons of all ages (14.5%) and 51.0 million (17.7%) were uninsured for at least part of the year (Cohen, Martinez, amp; Hao, 2005). By 2013, projections suggest that one in four Americans under the age of 65, nearly 56 million people, will be without health care insurance

Assurance of Voluntary CSR Disclosure †Free Samples to Students

Question: Dicuss about the Assurance of Voluntary CSR Disclosure. Answer: Introduction: The study is based on the importance and application of Global Compact Principles recognised by Starbucks in their business. The two principles that have been undertaken for this study are the Human Rights Principles where the organisation should make sure that they do not complicit in human rights abuses and the Principles related to Environment as the initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility. An analysis of their business activities will be conducted. Based on the evaluation, certain recommendations will be made that would eventually benefits the stakeholders of the organisations. The challenges and the benefits of the key stakeholders will be analysed as well. Starbucks business missions and objective include treating its employees with huge dignity and great respect. The organisation has always committed towards forcing positive action in the regions where it operates. According to the Global Human Rights Statement issued by Starbucks, the organisation is committed to support and uphold the basic human rights and eliminate all kinds of discriminatory practices (Starbucks.hu 2017). Their policy includes protecting the unique right of the children to pursue education as a priority over work. The organisation prohibits any kind of forced labour or child labour. The employees are free to engage in any association and support the provision of equal human rights to all. If the sustainability approach of Starbucks is taken into consideration, it has to be said that the coffee seller practices the most effective sustainability approach to protect the environment (Starbucks.hu 2017). Right from its product, to its packaging, Starbucks have sustainability approach to serve mother-nature. For instance, sustainable coffee of Starbucks is well known. The ingredients used in the preparation are organic and do not cause any harm to the environment (Confino 2014). In addition to this, they use bio-degradable and recycling coffee cups to serve their products. Positive and negative lessons learned from the practices From the above analysis, it can be easily said that the practices adapted by Starbuck has created positive impact of the organisation and the acceptability of its products has also increased. In fact, the organisation also claims that they direct and guide their employees to ensure that all practices are ethical and support the basic human rights (Starbucks.com 2017). Starbucks practice open communication among the employees and the managers that provides better opportunities to the employees to present their views on any particular matter. This is another effective way of resolving any difference and to respect the rights of employees. In terms of other sustainable practices, the organisation focuses on deforestation and animal welfare program as well. They are zero tolerance towards any kind of activity that might hamper their ethical business in their supply chain (Starbucks.com 2017). In fact, the store designs are also inclined towards sustainability as the ingredients that they use for the building purpose do not cause any kind of environmental harm. Business practice recommendations Starbucks practice all kinds of ethical and human rights approaches to support community and the employees rights. Starbucks operates in multi nations and the situation might not be same in every country and nation (Susanty and Eirene 2015). In the countries like India, Indonesia and even China, the practices of discrimination and unequal opportunities happen to be common. Therefore, the organisation needs to focus on such aspects of business. For instance, the best possible recommendation for the organisation to undertake ethical and sustainable approaches is by carrying out CSR activities in these regions of operation. A number of social responsibilities like affording childrens welfare in terms of their health and education could be effective. The organisation can take the responsibility of improving environmental condition by enhancing equal employment opportunity and better health care service to the employees (Bagnoli and Susan 2016). For the sustainability approach, the farmers of these countries could be given the basic amenities for growing sustainable and high standard food products for the company. This way they would support the food producers and at the same time would be able to meet the sustainable approach of their food products. Benefits, challenges and risks for key stakeholders At the time of carrying out the corporate social responsibilities in different regions of operations, the management and the major stakeholders might have to face certain challenges in terms of the political and economic condition of the particular country (Amiraslani et al. 2016). The organisation would have to take legal permission from the government. In addition to this, the presence of huge competitors in the market might also create challenges for the organisation to operate and work as per their planning (Bagnoli and Susan 2016). This might result in monetary loss as well as degrading fame for the organisation. However, if the same approach is undertaken with better precautions and considering the ethical and legal aspect of the country, the organisation would be able to achieve its aim according to their plan. On the success of the CSR activities, the organisation would eventually gain as well. CSR is also a means of marketing and creative positive image of the organisation among the consumers (Amiraslani et al. 2016). Thus, if the activities are accepted and people also participate in the activities, the chances of gaining more market share increases for the company. Conclusion: A detailed analysis of the best practices carried on by Starbucks to support human rights and sustainability approach has been carried on in this study. It has been found that the coffee maker undertakes various approaches that supports their human rights and sustainability approach made towards the major regions where they operate. A number of recommendations have been made of which the CSR activity would bring better prosperity to the organisation. In addition to this, they might also undertake other forms of leadership approach that would increase the opportunity for the employees to involve in the major organisational decision. This would increase their morale and supports indiscrimination and inequality as well. References: Amiraslani, Hami, K. Lins, Henri Servaes, and Ane Tamayo. "A Matter of Trust? The Bond Market Benefits of Corporate Social Capital during the Financial Crisis." (2016). Bagnoli, Mark, and Susan G. Watts. "Voluntary assurance of voluntary CSR disclosure."Journal of Economics Management Strategy(2016). Confino, Joe Best practices in sustainability: Ford, Starbucks and more Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/best-practices-sustainability-us-corporations-ceres 2014 (2014) [Accessed on: 1-5-2017] Starbucks Newsroom Available at: https://news.starbucks.com/views/starbucks-commitment-to-inclusion [Accessed on: 1-5-2017] Starbucks.com Public Policy Internal Standards Available at: https://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/learn-more/policies (2017) [Accessed on: 1-5-2017] Starbucks.hu Global Human Rights Statement Available at: https://www.starbucks.hu/media/Global-Human-Rights-Statement_tcm99-11251.pdf (2017) [Accessed on: 1-5-2017] Susanty, Aries, and Eirene Kenny. "The Relationship between Brand Equity, Customer Satisfaction, and Brand Loyalty on Coffee Shop: Study of Excelso and Starbucks."ASEAN Marketing Journal7, no. 1 (2015).

Case Study of George Polaris for Pathophysiology - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCase Study of George Polaris for Pathophysiology. Answer: Introduction: COPD also called chronic obstructive disorder mainly occur when irritant enter the lung airways resulting in functional and structural changes in an individual and causing issues with respiratory procedures (Lainscak, et al., 2016). A proper treatment is important for such patients in order to help them overcome the root cause and also to properly handle his physiological systems which might get affected due to COPD (Adnot, 2014). A case study is provided on a patient called George Polaris who is also suffering from similar disorders. The assignments will first occur about the pathophysiology of the disorders and then the potential and actual harm he may face. Sequentially, it will also ponder upon the health teaching strategies that can be applied to make hi m literate about his health condition and take precautionary measures. Overview of the patient: The patient is a 62 year old man who was diagnosed in the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. He was suffering from shortness of breath for many days and was ultimately hospitalized when he had shortness of breath along with fever and a productive cough. Besides, he also had a history of the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). He had been a daily smoker for average 20 cigarettes from the very old age and does not have any drinking habits of any other allergies. His weight is also decreasing with only 65 kg for his height of 178 cms. Therefore the nurse should advice him with proper interventions and provides him with proper heath literacy so that he can develop better quality lives. Acute and potential health concern of the patients: The patient has a habit of excessive smoking and as a result it had severely affected his respiratory systems. He had been diagnosed with COP. The acute effects that such diseases have on an individual are airway inflammation, structural changes as well as muco-cilliary dysfunction. In the case of airway inflammation, the inhaled irritants by the patient cause different types of inflammatory cells to accumulate and in the process get activated (Lainscak, et al., 2016). They in turn initiate an inflammatory cascade which causes release of inflammatory mediators. They sustain the inflammatory process which lad to damage as well as systemic effects. These cause change in the structure of the lungs which causes perpetuation of airflow limitation. Secondly, it causes structural changes also known as airway remodeling which causes narrowing of the airways. The patient will also suffer form peri-bronchial fibrosis, build up of scar tissue and also of the over multiplication of the epithelia l cells lining in the airways (Rogers, 2014). Parenchyma destruction is associated with loss of lung elasticity. These mainly result from the destruction of the structures which help in the support as well as the feeding of the alveoli. Small airways lead to collapsing during the time of exhalation. Airflow is impeded, being trapped in the lungs and also causes reduction in lung capacity. Mucocilliary infection is yet another health concern that remains associated with the COPD (Lehto, 2014). Thirdly, it is also seen that smoking as well s inflammation cause enlargement of the mucous glands which are present in the lining of the airway walls of the lungs thee will result in goblet cell metaplasia. Healthy cells will be replaced by mucus secreting cells (Bouhlal, 2017). Moreover, this inflammation will also harm the mucociliary transport which is responsible for clearing mucus which will eventually accommodate and back them causing difficulty in breathing (Mitchell, 2015). Another potential health concern is the loss of rapid weight which is mainly the result of the occurrence of the CPD disorder. Two important factors have been depicted. Primarily, they have to use more energy to breathe than others (Teramoto, 2015). Moreover their bodies also use more energy for trying to perform different physiological function properly. Therefore the amount of food that they used to take before may not act sufficient when he is already being affected by the disorder. The calorie which is gathered form food is use up at a faster rate than before and weight loss is seen (Bouhlal, 2017). Secondly, another groups of researchers have stated that the inflammation of the lungs result the lung volume to get expanded in a way which reduce the amount of space between the lungs and the stomach (Lehto, 2014). When both the organs push against each others, it becomes an uncomfortable situation where the patient may find breathing even more difficult (McDonald, Gibson, Scott, Ba ines, Hensley, Pretto, 2014). This also discourages eating. As a result of these factors loss of weight is found in the patients who suffer from the disorder. Topics for client education: The first topic of the client education would be the ways of the cessation of the smoking habits of the patient so that COPD cannot lead to further destruction of the lungs with functional and structural damage of the lungs. Proper education of the patient with the different harmful effects of the cigarette smoking will help him to be aware of the different negative aspects that were associated with the smoking procedure (Lehto, 2014).. Making him aware of the pathway of harm of cigarette and tobacco irritant will make him more responsible and he will be more careful about his health (Tamura, Bell, Masaki, 2013). Once the nurse becomes successful in making the patient literate about his condition, she just needs to provide the correct procedures about how he can manage his smoking addictions (Teramoto, 2015). The inflammation of the lungs that occur due to irritants of cigarette smoke often leads to a series of secretion of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage, therefore the tis sues of the lungs can be protected from further damage is the patients reduces his smoking tendencies. The systemic effect will inevitably reduce and no airway remodeling will take place (McDonald, Gibson, Scott, Baines, Hensley, Pretto, 2014). Narrowing of the airways will eventually reduce and the symptoms of shortness of breath will also reduce. Moreover, the mucociliary dysfunction will eventually not take place and hence huge amount s mucous formation will reduce (Berndt, et al., 2014). The second topic of health education will be how to maintain a proper weight according to the BMI ration of height and weight. He is underweight and this had been mainly the effects of the COPD. Hence, a proper education about how to take maintained diet will help his body to maintain his requirement of the nutrients of the body (McDonald, Gibson, Scott, Baines, Hensley, Pretto, 2014). A proper diet will help to provide the correct amount of energy which will b required by the physiological functions of the body (McDonald et al., 2014). A total explanation of the entire process will help him to understand the side effects of the COPS and hence this will make him more careful in his diet chart (Tamura, Bell, Masaki, 2013). Strategies to provide health education for smoking cessation for George: As per the case study, it is seen that George Polaris is not literate about the harmful effects of smoking. Moreover he has developed this habit form very early age which shows the fact that proper education about health has not been inculcated in him. Therefore his procedure of self management plan should be very much simple so that he can easily follow the steps and at the same time can adhere to the program (de Melo Ghisi, Abdallah, Grace, Thomas, Oh, 2014). The first initiative of the smoking cessation plan would be to list down to him the main reasons for which the smoking habit of him should be controlled. The four important reasons that George should keep in mind is the improvement of health, lowering his risk of further intensification of the symptoms of the chronic obstructive disorders (Tamura, Bell, Masaki, 2013). The third one is not exposing the families and friends to any secondhand smoke and also to save money spent after affording the cigarettes. After clearly unde rstanding the four main reasons, he should make up his mind to finalize a quit day. For this the nurse would help him to pick a random date or a day which would be less stressful for him or a day which would hold special meaning for him for a particular reason. The date should be marked by him on the calendar (Lindson?Hawley Thompson, 2015). Many individuals state that gradually quitting smoking is helpful but however present day researchers have stated that there are evidences which suggest abrupt quitting of smoking like setting a quit date and thereby sticking to it results in successful long term quitting (McDonald et al., 2014). The next initiative that the nurse should take is preparation for the quit day. Research has shown that combination of medical treatments as well as behavioral counseling help in the improvement of the likelihood of successful quitting (Berndt, et al., 2014). The ways how to lessen cravings include nicotine replacement skin patch, lozenges, inhalers, gum and also nasal sprays. These treatments mainly start on quit day (Lawless, 2015). Providing the patient with proper support system is another important criterion that will help him to overcome the habit with gradual development their scoping skills (de Melo Ghisi, Abdallah, Grace, Thomas, Oh, 2014). The nurse should also teach the patient about how to use online apps and tools for creating and also implementing quit plan. The patients should be also taught to identify smoking triggers and also the habits. Identifying whether stress, smoking after meal, smoking or worse breaks and other trigger smoking so that proper decision can be taken for withdrawal (Lawless, 2015). Handling of the quit day is also very important where the nurse should provide him with a proper guideline list like the following (Berndt, et al., 2014). Staying quit- with the help of a proper quit smoking plan to help the patient in guiding him, the patient will have proper resources on which he had quit smoking. More the resources one has in place like nicotine replacement, support groups, medications, coaching, as well ad the proper healthcare advices, the patient will have a higher chance for overcoming the harmful effects of quitting (Lehto, 2014). The second healthcare education that the patient needs is about the proper management of his weight. This should be provided in one to one face to face meeting procedure so that the patient can provide concentration to certain important points. Hence the patient should be told about the importance of maintaining the correct weight according it his BMI. The main instructions and the advices he should be given are that rather than having two of three meals, he should eat five to six smaller meals in the day that is he should eat more frequently. Choosing nutrient rich food like whole-grain breads, pastas and cereals; fruits and vegetables; dairy products; lean protein sources; and nuts and seeds should be given as advice (Bouhlal, 2017). He should not have diet soda, coffee as well as other drinks. The patient should also make every bite count such as snacks on nuts, cheese, peanut butter an also have bedtime snacks for butter and jelly sandwich with vegetables and lean meat and cheese (Vincze, et al., 2017). The nurse should also provide a proper diet chart to the patient and ask him to top it off by adding extra for the dishes for addition of more calories (Bouhlal, 2017). Light exercises for strength training can also be taught to him to increase his appetite as well (Star, 2015). All these would be formed in to brochures and handed to him after the meeting. His schedule diet system should also be provided in chat so that it becomes easy for him to maintain. Face to face appointment with proper scheduling of the steps he would take would help him to understand the strategy that he needs to uptake successfully. Moreover providing him brochures will make things easier for him to understand. Also the nurse had prepared for weight management through regular and easy initiatives so that he does not face financial constraints at the same time can take part in the strategies effectively. Conclusion: The patient has developed COPD and has been suffering from shortness of breath, fever as well as productive cough. The main rationale that could be analyzed by the patient here is the long history of the patient being addicted to smoking and had a habit of taking 20 cigarettes per day. Hence, the patient should be first made to understand the pathophysiology of the harmful disorder in simple language to an extent which is possible for laymen to understand. Two main strategies that should be considered for further prevention would be quitting form the habit of smoking and increasing his body weight. Proper training methods like setting plans for quit smoke day, maintain a detailed procedure for food intake and a diet plan. All these are believed to help the patient to overcome the main causing factors of COPD and maintain his health with a proper quality life. Bibliography Adnot, S. (2014). Cell senescence and pathophysiology of chronic lung diseases: role in chronic structive pulmonary disease. Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine , 659-671. Berndt, N., Bolman, C., Froelicher, E. S., Mudde, A., Candel, M., de Vries, H., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of a telephone delivered and a face-to-face delivered counseling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a 6-month follow-up. Journal of behavioral medicine , 709-724. Bouhlal, S. M.-C. (2017). Identifying eating behavior phenotypes and their correlates: A novel direction toward improving weight management interventions. Appetite , 142-150. de Melo Ghisi, G. L., Abdallah, F., Grace, S. L., Thomas, S., Oh, P. (2014). A systematic review of patient education in cardiac patients: do they increase knowledge and promote health behavior change?.. Patient education and counseling, , 160-174. Lainscak, M., Schols, A., Farkas, J., Sulz, I., Themessl-Huber, M., Laviano, A., et al. (2016). Weight loss, food intake and mortality in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):. the NutritionDay survey analysis . Lawless, M. H. (2015). Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers. Addictive behaviors , 80-83. Lehto, R. H. (2014). Patient views on smoking, lung cancer, and stigma: a focus group perspective. European Journal of oncology nursing , 316-322. Lindson?Hawley, N., Thompson, T. P. (2015). Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library. McDonald, V., Gibson, P., Scott, H., Baines, P., Hensley, M., Pretto, J. . (2014). Obesity in COPD, how should it be managed?-The effect of weight loss and resistance training in obese COPD patients.. European Respiratory Journal , 3035. McDonald, V., Gibson, P., Scott, H., Baines, P., Hensley, M., Pretto, J., et al. (2014). Obesity in COPD, how should it be managed?-The effect of weight loss and resistance training in obese COPD patients. European Respiratory Journal , 3035. McDonald, V., Gibson, P., Scott, H., Baines, P., Hensley, M., Pretto, J., et al. (2014). Obesity in COPD, how should it be managed?-The effect of weight loss and resistance training in obese COPD patients. European Respiratory Journal , 3035. Mitchell, J. (2015). Pathophysiology of COPD: Part 1. Practice Nursing, , 172-178. Rogers, D. F. (2014). Mucus pathophysiology in COPD: differences to asthma, and pharmacotherapy.[Internet] 2000. Europe Pubmed General. Star, A. H. (2015). Perceived discrimination and favourable regard toward underweight, normal weight and obese eating disorder sufferers: implications for obesity and eating disorder population health campaigns. BMC obesity , 4. Tamura, B. K., Bell, C. L., Masaki, K. H. (2013). Factors associated with weight loss, low BMI, and malnutrition among nursing home patients: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 649-655. Tani, Y., Kondo, N., Takagi, D., Saito, M., Hikichi, H., Ojima, T. . (2015). Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: . Results of the JAGES.Appetite , 1-8. Teramoto, S. I. (2015). A comprehensive assessment using COPD assessment test scoring and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scoring is necessary for personalized therapy for COPD patients.. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 2203. Vincze, L., Rollo, M. E., Hutchesson, M. J., Burrows, T. L., MacDonald-Wicks, L., Blumfield, M., et al. (2017). A cross sectional study investigating weight management motivations, methods and perceived healthy eating and physical activity influences in women up to five years following childbirth. Midwifery .